Ground speed is the speed of an aircraft with respect to a fixed point on the Earth's surface. Performance Summary. Home Subjects. The new Cessna 177 Cardinal — with its cantilever, laminar-flow wing offering terrific visibility — is a doll to fly, a step above its trusty-yet-pedestrian predecessor. PERFORMANCE Specifications. At this speed, assuming. Speed: Cruise Speed at 34,200 feet (FL342): 0. Indicated airspeed (IAS) measures speed along with. 5. the Indicated Airspeed [KIAS]. 88 IMN) with about 0. 7 degrees per 0. KTAS is the acronym for true airspeed of an airplane charter measured in knots. 6. (a)Calculate the maximum load factor for V = 122 ktas. Comes equipped with DC-to-DC conversion circuit for more reliable operation with heavy CPU and GPU loads. KCAS:95 KIAS:97. 9 deg Vy 67. 2. The other critical factor that plays a role in navigation is the wind speed. Noted in the figure is the takeoff safety speed V 2, which is determined by a one-engine inoperative, critical field calculation following the guidance in Ref. Adjusting the approach speed based on a lower stall speed. Part 25 AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES . The figure shows the regulatory FAR 23 stall speed limit of 61 KCAS for single-engine aircraft and the 45 KCAS limit set forth in the Light Sport Aircraft (LSA) category. Useful Load: 1,559 lbs. 123 KTAS. DO not exceed this speed with windows open, 2200 pounds. . Initially known as. Once over the threshold, the aircraft is slowed to a touchdown speed of 115 knots and rotated to a nose-up pitch attitude. Find the Calibrated Lift-Off Speed [KCAS] using the chart below, which is a typical example of an aircraft position error correction chart. The crossover altitude will be the altitude where 290 KCAS becomes equal to M0. 3 times its basic stalling speed, the coefficient of lift as a percentage of the maximum lift coefficient (CLmax) would be: (A) 77%. DOWNLOAD BRISTELL AEROPLANES BROCHURE. View the full answer Step 2. To find true airspeed, you’ll need an E6B flight computer. 3. Thus, as the aircraft climbs in altitude with outside temperature dropping, the speed of sound is dropping. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the minimum climb rate for instrument departures?, If you go missed approach on a circling approach, which missed approach procedure do you fly?, What. -Custom Fixed KCAS Climb speed can be set. c130herculesheadquarters. A decrease in temperature in a gas results in a decrease in the speed of sound. Road speed limits are given in miles per hour which is abbreviated as mph or mi/h. 2008/100, Section 2. 6. Running lean of peak from that power setting, the speed dropped off to 194 knots true, but fuel consumption plunged to. Go down to 350 KCAS and you drop another 0. (b)Calculate the maximum load factor for V = 147 ktas. According to the manufacturer, the new fighter attack version is an evolution of a family concept of the M. 106. Knots to Meters per second. The X-57 Maxwell airplane was designed with a small, high. Stall Speed (KCAS): Flaps Up, Power Off Flaps Down, Power Off: 51 Knots 47 Knots: Maximum Weight: Ramp - Normal/Utility Takeoff or Landing - Normal/Utility: 2457 Pounds / 2107 Pounds 2450 Pounds / 2100 Pounds: Standard Empty Weight: 1699 Pounds: Maximum Useful Load: Normal Category Utility Category: 758 Pounds 468 Pounds. V SR is expressed as: (b) V. Miles per Hour. Durability. Calibrated airspeed in knots is usually abbreviated as KCAS, while indicated airspeed is abbreviated as KIAS. Standard Atmosphere of 1976 and are subject to the same 32,000 [m] limitation. 240 KCAS Below 10,000' 270 KCAS / 0. In dry air, at 0 degrees Celsius, the speed of sound is about 331. Home Subjects. 1. For a more accurate answer please select 'decimal' from the options above the result. Aircraft, Aerospace, Transportation. The market for single-engine piston airplanes is led by Cirrus with the SR20 and SR22 high-performance models that also commend a premium price. 15078). All in all I don't think the KCAS figures from the 150 POH are that crazy and the IAS ones are affected by very significant errors as per calibration. Our calculator rounds at 3 decimal places, in this case 197. Removes speed limit, potentially permitting LSAs to reach 250 knots. Above 41,000', Min Speed 0. Your result will display in the right-hand textfield. 8) multiplied by the time an aircraft takes to complete a circle (68. General, Theory of Flight. -Cruise alt now shows in magenta. Essentially IAS readings becomes lower with altitude because of the thinning of air at higher altitude. CreateIf powered, it weighs less than 254lbs empty weight excluding floats and safety devices which are intended for deployment in a potentially catastrophic situation, has a fuel capacity not exceeding 5 US gallons, is not capable of more a speed of more than 55 KCAS at full power in level flight and has a power-off stall speed which does not exceed. Converting Knots Indicated Air Speed (KIAS) to Miles Per Hour (MPH) is quite straightforward. The Cytek Aurora instruments have several software and hardware features that allow direct communication between groups and minimize the differences between. Cherokee 140 stall speed is slightly too high, I thought the same thing. View the full answer Step 2. A. 26 hours. Maximum Operating Altitude: 12000 ft 14000 ft (see note 7) 12. JustAnotherJodieFE. 609344 kilometers per. Operational speed. Your groundspeed will be higher, and the same as your KTAS in zero wind as well. O. One solution to the ODE above is v(y) = 0, which gives y = k (where k is a constant). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Mmo FL. b) decrease during a climb. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Gross weight with fuel and 2 souls, One engine thrust MIL, One engine thrust MAX and more. 2. Your KIAS will be 80 knots, because your airspeed indicator is just a dumb gauge, but your KTAS is actually a little higher because you're going a little faster to keep that same pressure on the pitot tube in thinner air. 4 gallons per hour at 75% power; Range: 550 nautical miles; Service Ceiling: 15,000 feet; Landing Ground Roll: 776 feet; Landing Over 50 ft. Max Takeoff LP. Calibrated airspeed in knots is usually abbreviated as KCAS, while indicated airspeed is. Indicated Air Speed IAS. KCAS 160Tip Speed at 102% RPM 705 feet per second TAIL ROTOR Articulation Free to teeter, rigid inplane Number of Blades 2. Rating: 3. 2000 divided by 2400 is 0. weight is 207 kts. 852 km/h (approximately 1. a) increase during a climb. What does KCAS abbreviation stand for? List of 24 best KCAS meaning forms based on popularity. A wide panel holds all the latest avionics — we're in 1968, so that includes a. b) decrease during a climb. 50 KCAS 240 KCAS 65 KCAS. The default departure speed limits of 200 KCAS (below 2500 ft AGL and within 4 NM of departure airport), 250 KCAS below 10,000 ft (referenced to the altimeter), and a Climb speed of 320/. Updated 25 Aug 2022 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Mechanical Engineering questions and answers. The final approach speed margin must not be greater than that which can be bled off before the point of crossing the runway threshold. Expert Help. Enter your value in the left-hand textfield then click CONVERT. ) Substituting v for dy dt and vdv dy for d2y dt2 in the original equation gives the following ODE: yvdv dy + v2 = 0. Landing Gear Extend Speed. For a more accurate answer please select 'decimal' from the options above the result. Something traveling at one foot per second is traveling exactly 0. 885 M true (Max RVSM operating limit is 0. [G450 Aircraft Operating Manual, §07-02-30-03-40; ¶ 3. Landing Distance Runway 590 ft / Water 700 ft. The Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental and 747-8 Freighter are the new, high-How does the stall speed (KCAS) vary as you climb from sea level to 33,000 feet? It remains relatively unchanged throughout the climb. Maximum autopilot operating speed. Cruise Recommendations: A lean mixture w/fuel allowance for engine start, taxi, takeoff, climb and 45 minutes reserve. , would be 44. The airspeed indicator measures the difference between the static pressure from static ports and the ram pressure from the pitot tube. Calculate standard and non-standard atmosphere properties and speed conversions. These are shown in Fig. If the aircraft is flying in the same direction as the wind is blowing, the aircraft experiences tailwind, and its ground speed is higher than its airspeed. A32NX Result: 23 seconds. 8 deg/s. 221 (14 ply) ktsGS 195 (12 ply) ktsGS 174 ktsGS. Maneuvering speed (V A) at this weight is about 122 kcas. 9 Kelvin, respectively: Using this information and kPa assuming international standard atmosphere conditions, ignoring instrument. If both the ram air input and drain hole of the pitot system become blocked, the indicated airspeed will. This puts you near the bottom of the total drag curve. 2. VA Maneuvering speed 1600lbs. The true airspeed (TAS; also KTAS, for knots true airspeed) of an aircraft is the speed of the aircraft relative to the air in which it is flying. (d) Aeroplanes not certified for aerobatics may be used to perform any manoeuvre incident to normal flying, including:gyration for Tempo and Encore were determined and multiplied by the weight to from EAE 130 at University of California, Davis*If an aircraft stalls at 50 KCAS at 2325 pounds gross weight, what is the new stall KCAS at 1600 pounds gross weight? 10. There have historically been different nautical miles used and, thus, different variations of knots. All-weather Operations Capability: Day-VFR; Night VFR is allowed on aeroplanes with KIT P/N 28-13-1000-000 installed and operative. V A Manuevering Speed is the maximum speed at which you may use abrupt control travel. 3 inches and 2,500 rpm, while burning 32 gallons per hour. 151 mph or 0. An aircraft’s indicated airspeed in knots is typically abbreviated KIAS for “Knots-Indicated Air Speed” (vs. 75 MT, whichever is less. Any maximum or minimum speed is usually denoted in KIAS since you'll be reading it off the gauge at a critical time. The KCAS PLUS GM is 80Plus Gold certified for high performance with up to 90%+ efficiency. SPL Vh limit removed. 147 KTAS. Flight Envelope The flight envelope is defined in the applicable EASA approved Aircraft Flight Manual; referenced inTop Speed: 186 KCAS; Cruise Speed: 148 KCAS; Stall Speed (Landing Configuration): 55 knots; Stall Speed (Clean): 60 knots; Fuel Consumption: 9. [ 1] Ele usa a diferença entre a pressão total e a pressão. Mach is the ratio of an object's speed to the speed of sound. ”. Knowing the speed in fps (202. An approach speed of about 140 KCAS was used with a rate of descent of about 500 ft/min. Air Speeds: Never exceed speed VNE 164 KCAS Maximum Structural Cruising 130 KCAS Speed VNO Design Manoeuvring speed VA 119 KCAS Operating Manoeuvring speed VO 119 KCAS Maximum flaps extended speed VFE 92 KCAS 11. More precisely, you should have the same kind of speed on both axes. Miles per Hour. KCAS. Something traveling at one knot is going about 1. Answer. SB010-CS, installed 112 KIAS 108 KCAS Aeroplanes with modification n. The. a) increase during a climb. Owing to its advantages, the airspeed of aircraft is always represented in ‘knots’. Structural Cruising Speed : N/A : N/A : Stall Speed Clean : 99 Knots : 99 Knots : Stall Speed Landing Configuration : 75 Knots : 75 Knots : Climb Best Rate : 2450 FPM at 12,500 lbs. Knots are a speed measurement that is nautical miles per hour. 67 KCAS c C. b) The airspeed indicator and the altimeter. 278 meters per second, or about 0. Max Takeoff LP. VMCA Minimum control speed in air 105 KCAS VMCG Minimum control speed on the ground 90 Kts VLO Landing gear maximum operating speed 155 KCAS VLE Extracted Landing gear maximum operating speed 200 KCAS VFE Maximum speed FLAPS 1 180 KCAS Maximum speed FLAPS 2 170 KCAS Maximum speed FLAPS Full 155 KCAS VA Manoeuvre speed at 30500 Kg (67240 lbs. and the 250 calibrated airspeed in knots (KCAS) speed limit in the United States and in. Therefore, if the TAS is 300 knots and you have a 100-knot tailwind, the GS is 400 knots. The Seastar was designed in Germany and strictly adheres to Dornier’s high- quality standards. According to the NTSB accident report on the crash of USAir Flight 427, all commercial aircraft have a crossover speed (the speed at which the maximum rolling force from the aircraft’s ailerons and . Kilometers per Hour. 852 km/h (approximately 1. For 15,000 feet max AB, your best performance is between 400-450 KCAS (0. ) a. Start: 300 KCAS above 10k' Accel 350, max AB 4-5 G pull to 25 AoA and maintain nose track Regain 4-5 G's at bottom, complete at level flightScheduled maintenance: Saturday, June 5 from 4PM to 5PM PDT. Takeoff Field Length. A rule of thumb suggested by William Kershner (2) for finding the effects of weight. The measurement is calculated using the speed of the airplane charter relative to the airmass that it flies through. Common abbreviations: kn, kt. 225 KIAS. 7 degrees per 0. On August 30, 2017, a completely new body of regulations for small aircraft has been put in place which does not distinguish between normal or utility airplanes but low speed (below 250 KTAS) and high speed designs (> 250 KTAS). 85 M 41,000' Max if Single Bleed. Maximum Cruise Speed. 250 KIAS / 0. 70M. 260 KCAS up to 15,000 ft. Set range of airspeeds and convert to KCAS using convvel and correctairspeed: TAS = (70:200)'; % true airspeed,. SKYbrary Partners: Safety knowledge contributed by: Join SKYbrary. Transcribed image text: An aeroplane has a stall speed of 78 KCAS at its gross weight of 6,850lbs. At a minimum of 325 KCAS (430 KCAS optimal) set 75° of bank and begin an energy sustaining turn away from the crowd. , would be 44. The increase in load factor in a turn also increases stall speed; in a level, 60-degree-bank turn, for instance, the effective weight on the wings doubles and stall speed increases by about 40 percent. Lower than what? 1. Max. Max Cont TGT. 3 Vs0 is 56 knots. — Best angle-of-climb speed. The Cessna sales’ effort placed great weight on the pitch that the 340 is a “300 series plane,” and not one of the 400 series. 210 ktas. Sea Level: 340 KCAS; 26,000 Feet: 340 KCAS; 26,000 to 37,000 feet: 0. Do not exceed this speed with flaps down. The true airspeed ( TAS; also KTAS, for knots true airspeed) of an aircraft is the speed of the aircraft relative to the air mass through which it is flying. It is the True Airspeed (TAS) adjusted for wind. 1). If there is no wind it is also the same as ground speed . Maximum number of passenger seats: Island Air's aircraft passenger seating configuration has been fitted with 78 seats (Figure 1. The reason for the switchover to Mach is that the airspeed relative to the speed of sound becomes critical in determining what speeds you can. Find the Calibrated Lift-Off Speed [KCAS] using the chart below,. Under any other conditions, CAS may differ from the aircraft's TAS and GS. 8. Sea Level: 263 KCAS; 26,000 Feet: 297 KCAS; 31,000 Feet: 279 KCAS; 35,000 Feet: 259. The transition happens around FL260 at which the Mach Maximum speed of the plane, intersects with the Maximum speed IAS of the plane. This year’s Traveler has a published cruise speed of 147 mph at 75% power at 9,000 ft. 6 m/s (133 knots) despite the fact that you are moving with 75 m/s (146 knots) with respect to the air. High Speed: Airplanes with a V C or V MO > 250 KCAS (and M MO > 0. 151 mph or 0. Use this page to learn how to convert between knots and kilometers/hour. The IAS is typically used for low speeds and low altitudes. In this case we find our 1g stall speed, at 1800 lbs. 777-300 stall speed at max t. *For a given aircraft in a given configuration, stall KCAS changes when _____ changes (at least three factors). KIAS is. 3 VSO KCAS (max gross weight)). As you climb, true airspeed is higher than your indicated airspeed. A. A wide panel holds all the latest avionics — we're in 1968, so that includes a. Velocidade indicada. Increase of stall speed (which they estimate will indirectly limit MTOW to 3000lb) Expand LSA to apply to all classes of aircraft. An aeroplane has a stall speed of 100 kt at a mass of 1000 kg. Max Window Open Speed. (1) A maximum stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed without the use of lift-enhancing devices (V S1 ) of not more than 45 knots CAS, except for airplanes, which must have a V S1 speed of not more than 54 knots CAS at the aircraft's maximum certificated takeoff weight and most critical center of gravity. d) 200 kt. 6) MINIMUM CONTROL SPEEDS NOTE: The airspeed limitations apply to all masses (weights) up to 65,200 lb (29,574 kg) gross weight, unless otherwise stated. 2 KCAS, a 12% reduction in the stall speed. How do you convert KIAS to KTAS? Use your KCAS/KIAS and for each thousand feet you add 2%. 2 on the A scale. 85 M at or Above 10,000' Maximum Tire Speed. I would go with the published IAS speeds. The KCAS PLUS is 80Plus Bronze certified for high performance with up to 85%+ efficiency. The conversion factor between knots and MPH is 1 knot equals 1. Air Speed Limitations V NE (never exceed) Power-on and Power-off 98 KCAS sea level to 3 000 ft DA, decreasing to 83 KCAS at 8 000 ft DA, decreasing to 56 KCAS at 14 000 ft DA. 항공기에는 속도를 알기 위해 기본적으로 피토관이라는 장치가 설치되어 있는데, 이 장치는 항공기가 앞으로 나아가면서 진행방향으로 유입되는 공기를 측정하여 전면의 압력과 측면 압력의 차이를 이용해 속도를 알아낸다. 514 m/s ). b) The airspeed indicator and the altimeter. In some applications, notably British usage, the expression rectified airspeed is used instead of. 70M. 141 KTAS. Freezing Fog. 06 518 . In some applications, notably British usage, the expression rectified airspeed is used instead of calibrated airspeed. Straight line variation between points. NO: 135. Stall Speed: 77 kcas: Takeoff Distance: 934 ft. Go down to 350 KCAS and you drop another 0. for 85%+ efficiency • Equipped with DC-to-DC conversion circuit • Silent 12cm fan with optimized thermal fan speed control • Powerful single +12V rail offers compatible DC output • Complete over current protection and over temperature. 6) Level 4: Maximum seating configuration of 10 to 19 passengers *V C = design cruise speed; V MO = maximum operating limit speed; M MO = maximum operating Mach number. In some applications, notably British usage, the expression rectified airspeed is used instead of calibrated airspeed. Mechanical Engineering. 195 kts Ground Speed. For 15,000 feet max AB, your best performance is between 400-450 KCAS (0. 156 KCAS. Registered Member. 4 seats (but Sport Pilots still limited to one pax) LSA Vh (Maximum speed in level flight at maximum continuous power) of 250 KCAS. The crossover altitude will be the altitude where 290 KCAS becomes equal to M0. If the gross weight of an aircraft without cargo is 500,000 pounds and the stall speed at that weight is 120 KCAS, what is the new stall speed KCAS when 500,000 pounds of cargo is added, i. This is a measurement of speed typically used in non-metric countries for transport such as the USA. A minimum speed of 1. How does the stall speed (KCAS) vary as you climb from sea level to 33,000 feet? B - It remains relatively unchanged throughout the climb. The other critical factor that plays a role in navigation is the wind speed. Maximum Degraded Flight Controls Speed. 6 m/s. This already seems low, but once we find out that the stall speed for this aircraft calculates to be 34kts IAS,. KIAS means “knots of indicated airspeed. Something traveling at one kilometer per hour is traveling about 0. A knot is a unit of speed, equal to one nautical mile per hour. Rotor Speed Limitations Power on: Maximum 104 % (530 rpm) Minimum 97 % (495 rpm) Power off: Maximum 110 % (561 rpm)Answer: -. Something traveling at one knot is going about 1. A. 3 buffer brings that to 252 kts. The 150 would have Vs0 41 KCAS, so the same. 300 KCAS 240 KCAS 220 KCAS. Operation in Freezing Fog Prohibited Below -10C. Highest speed permissible with wing flaps extended. Knots are a speed measurement that is nautical miles per hour. Cancel Max Reverse By. 175 KIAS. According to the POH, with full flaps, 56 KCAS should indicate 55 KIAS - giving us exactly the lower range from the POH. 1. Mosaic: The Key Points. Miles per Hour. 1). The winds add to or subtract from the true airspeed to determine the ground speed, which is ultimately the speed that a pilot wants to know for navigation. If the mass is increased to 2000 kg , the new value of the stall speed will be ; a) 123 kt. An approach speed of about 140 KCAS was used with a rate of descent of about 500 ft/min. Landing Distance: 765 ft. So, whenever a comparison in the speed of aircraft versus ground vehicles is needed, we are presented with a challenge. Approaching at 1. atmospeed 1. The FAA has proposed a “sub-level” within Level 1 called the “simple airplane. What is the stall speed when the weight is 5,000 Ibs? a A. An airplane has a stall speed of 78kts, and a wing area of 105 ft2. 3. Note the wide turn from &LL01; (D6. For this graph, only TAS can be correct. 예를 들어 V 1 이 너무 느리면 정지할 수 있는데도 이륙를 해야하는 상황이 돼버린다. Study Resources. A knot is a unit of speed, equal to one nautical mile per hour. A fan speed of 45% and a longitudinal stick position of about 41% should maintain this condition with a pitch attitude of 2O nose-down. 4. kt meters per second . safe landing gear extension speed for T-38A aircraft equipped with strut-door flaps is 144 m/s (280 KCAS) at 12 192 meters (40 000 feet) above mean sea level and below. where 100 percent of the speed of sound is represented as Mach 1 (1. Stopping Distance SPEED Maximum at Sea Level. True airspeed takes these instrument readings and corrects them for air density. LO: 93 KIAS (92 KCAS) Maximum Landing Gear . Description. Ie stall speed, VMO/MMO, etc. 3 deg/s reduction in turn rate. Max Cont HP. -FMC target speed shows in magenta and sequences accordingly. SPL Vh limit removed. A mile per hour is a unit of speed commonly used in the United States. 75% power at 8,500 feet - 53 gallons usable fuel. Manufacturer: Lycoming: Model: TIO-540-AJ1A: Power Output 310 hp (310 hp) Propeller Manufacturer: McCauley: Description: 3 blade metal, constant speed: Go to Citation M2 Gen2. The 150 would have Vs0 41 KCAS, so the same. 82 Mach; V A (Maneuvering Speed) VA. The LSA system is displayed, and is always active, except when on the ground below 100 KCAS, or when failures occur. It will then be shown in the HUD as ‘IAS’. If you are flying at a true airspeed of 150 knots and a headwind is pushing against you at 50 knots, your groundspeed is 100 knots. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. For comparison, the LSA instruct in (SportStar) has Vs0 -- 37 KIAS -- 41 KCAS. 8) multiplied by the time an aircraft takes to complete a circle (68. The RV–10’s altitude advantage at 6,000 feet is less than 100 feet. The KCAS PLUS M is 80Plus Bronze certified for high performance with up to 85%+ efficiency. The 77 cubic ft capacity factory installed system will provide plenty of oxygen for all occupants in normal flight durations. 221 (14 ply) ktsGS 195 (12 ply) ktsGS 174 ktsGS. 610 deg C. Useful Load. The KCAS PLUS M is 80Plus Bronze certified for high performance with up to 85%+ efficiency. More Specs . KCAS, KTAS I was just like WTF USE ONE SPEED!!!!!. Converting Knots Indicated Air Speed (KIAS) to Miles Per Hour (MPH) is quite straightforward. Air Speed Indicator; Pitot Static System; Categories. Meanwhile exceeding 0. FEATURE. 6 seconds) can determine the size of the circle; 202. The IAS is a good representation of the air’s. 10. Yaw damper inoperative speed (minimum): Above 20,000 ft. Since the airspeed indicator capsule responds to impact pressure, CAS is defined as a function of impact pressure alone. Note that single-engine aircraft, such as the PC-12 and TBM-850, are turboprop aircraft that were granted exemption from the 61. Comes equipped with DC-to-DC conversion circuit for more reliable operation with heavy CPU and GPU loads. Cruise Page-Custom Fixed KCAS and Fixed Mach cruise speed can be set. Although indicated airspeed (IAS) and true airspeed (TAS) are the speeds most commonly used in aviation, references to calibrated airspeed (CAS) and equivalent airspeed (EAS) are quite often encountered. Adjusting the approach speed based on a lower stall speed. Max speed that full or abrupt control movements can be used without stressing the airframe. c) The airspeed indicator, altimeter, and Vertical Speed Indicator. At sea level, the speed of sound is approximately 661 KCAS, while at FL 380 it is 574 KCAS. Speed: 126 knots Maximum at sea level. Ground speed is simply the sum of airspeed and wind speed. KCAS is the most well-suited provider to offer PCR because of our all-new state-of-the-art facilities, our experience, our expertise, and our understanding of quality regulations. 7 &3. SYMBOL SPEED KCAS KIAS VNE VNO 24 160 126 102 107 85 160 163 129 90 110 85 163 Never Exceed Speed Maximum Structural Cru'sing Speed Maneuvering Speed: 1.